New battery materials with high capacity and low cost are urgently needed to enable the mass adoption of electric vehicles

low specific and volumetric energy densities (Wh/L and Wh/kg)

high capacity cost ($/kWh)

rare elements with low Li-storage capacity

diffusion limitation of Li ions 

in active materials like Graphite

flammable liquid electrolytes

presence of Oxygen in cathodes

generation of harmful and toxic wastes 

in the manufacturing of materials